Pregnancy loss is often spoken about as if it’s one single experience. In reality, there are many types of miscarriage and pregnancy loss, each with different medical and emotional realities.
Learning about the different types can help you understand your own experience, prepare for conversations with your healthcare provider, and find the right support.
Miscarriage
The most common type, happening in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
May begin with spotting, cramping, and bleeding.
Often caused by chromosomal abnormalities that make the pregnancy nonviable.
Sometimes discovered only during a scan when no heartbeat is detected.
Chemical Pregnancy
A very early miscarriage that happens before or just after a missed period.
Detected only because a pregnancy test was briefly positive.
Can feel invisible to others but is still a real and valid loss.
Missed Miscarriage (Silent Miscarriage)
The pregnancy stops developing, but the body doesn’t recognize the loss right away.
No symptoms may appear; often discovered during a scan with no heartbeat.
Can be especially shocking and disorienting.
Incomplete Miscarriage
Some pregnancy tissue passes, but some remains in the uterus.
May cause ongoing bleeding and cramping.
Sometimes requires medication (misoprostol) or a surgical procedure (D&C) to complete the miscarriage.
Complete Miscarriage
All pregnancy tissue passes naturally.
Bleeding and cramping subside, and no further medical treatment is needed.
Recurrent Miscarriage
Defined as three or more consecutive miscarriages.
Affects about 1 in 100 women.
Sometimes linked to genetic, hormonal, clotting, or uterine factors, though in many cases the cause remains unknown.
Ectopic Pregnancy
When the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most often in a fallopian tube.
Cannot continue and is a medical emergency.
Symptoms may include sharp abdominal pain, shoulder pain, dizziness, or heavy bleeding.
Molar Pregnancy
Rare complication where abnormal tissue grows in the uterus instead of a viable embryo.
Can be “complete” (no embryo) or “partial” (abnormal embryo and tissue).
Requires close medical follow-up because of risk of persistent growth.
Stillbirth
Loss of a baby after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Though less common, it is devastating and often comes with physical and emotional complexities.
Support for parents after stillbirth is essential and often long-term.
Termination for Medical Reasons (TFMR)
When a pregnancy is ended because of severe fetal anomalies or risks to the mother’s health.
Deeply painful, because it involves both loss and a decision no parent ever wants to face.
Key Takeaways
Miscarriage and pregnancy loss happen in many different ways, from very early chemical pregnancies to stillbirth.
Each type brings unique medical concerns and emotional challenges.
Whatever your experience, your grief is valid and you are not alone.
✨ We’re building Sibyl to provide compassionate, evidence-based support for every kind of pregnancy loss — from early miscarriage to TFMR and beyond. If you’d like to help shape Sibyl, sign up for our beta.
Sources:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-loss-miscarriage/symptoms-causes/syc-20354298
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/
https://www.miscarriageassociation.org.uk/information/miscarriage/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy
https://www.tommys.org/baby-loss-support/miscarriage-information-and-support/recurrent-miscarriage
https://www.cdc.gov/stillbirth/about/index.html
